3. Castles
Matsusaka Castle: The Legacy of Martial, Scholarly, and Economic Talent of Gamo Ujisato

Gamo Ujisato (1556-1595, 蒲生氏郷) was a military commander of remarkable skill, both in martial arts and scholarship, who won the admiration of Oda Nobunaga  (1534-1582, 織田信長) and Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598, 豊臣秀吉), during the Warring States period (1467-1573). Known not only for his military expertise, Ujisato also excelled in economic policy and was celebrated as a […]

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3. Castles
Matsue Castle, Festival, and Tea Culture by Two Great Matsue Lords

Amid the chants of ‘Horan Enya’, around 100 boats, adored with performers wearing colorful splendid costumes, sail through rivers between Lake Shinji and Nakaumi Lagoon in Matsue, the capital of Shimane prefecture. The Horan-Enya Festival is one of three major Shinto boat rituals in Japan, alongside the Tenjin Festival of Osaka Tenmangu Shrine and the […]

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3. Castles
Hamamatsu Castle, Ieyasu's Journey of Building a Peaceful Era

Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616, 徳川家康) was freed from his hostage of Imagawa Yoshimoto (1519-1560, 今川義元) defeated at the Battle of Okehazama, and took a step forward as the lord of Okazaki Castle. He put down the Mikawa Ikki riot and brought stability to the Mikawa region in 1645. Following the surrender of the Imagawa clan's Sunpu […]

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3. Castles
Okazaki Castle, Hardship Made the Man: Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616, 徳川家康) was separated from his mother at the age of 3, became a hostage of Oda Nobuhide, father of Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582, 織田信長) at the age of 6, lost his father at the age of 8, then became a hostage of the Imagawa Yoshimoto (1519-1560, 今川義元). In total, he spent about 14 years […]

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3. Castles
Nagoya of Art and Culture, Tokugawa Yoshinao's Achievement

Within the Honmaru Palace of Nagoya Castle, esteemed artists of the Kano school, including Kano Tanyu (1602-1674, 狩野探幽), painted the finest sliding door paintings of tigers, pine trees, and other motifs. The 1,049 sliding door paintings survived the war and were completely restored and copied. These invaluable treasures continue to be precious gems that convey […]

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3. Castles
Ninjas, Greatly Active regardless Day and Night on the Front Lines during the Warring State Period

Ninjas had mastered superhuman ninjutsu, the art of warfare. In times of peace, they would infiltrate enemy territory to gather information and engage in intrigue and reconnaissance, and in times of war, they would infiltrate enemy lines to commit arson and assassination. For the warlords of the Warring States Period (1467-1590), Ninjas were indispensable for […]

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3. Castles
Sakuradamon Gate of Edo Castle ruins with beautiful cherry blossoms: Ii Naosuke lost his life

The stunning sight of cherry blossoms in full bloom reflecting on the water of Chidorigafuchi moat of the former Edo Castle, now the Imperial Palace, is breathtaking. Its beauty leads to the Sakuradamon gate, where a startling event occurred under a cold sky with heavy snowfall in 1860 for the Tokugawa Shogunate. Ii Naosuke (1815-1860; […]

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3. Castles
Hikone Castle, The life of Ii Naomasa, a Brave Warrior with Strong Diplomatic Skills

Hikone Castle, situated atop Mount Kinko along the shore of Lake Biwa, retains its stunning three-story structure, adorned with its white stucco exterior walls as it was in the past. The castle tower, a national treasure, showcases an elegant and rhythmical architectural style adorned with three types of gables: Kirizuma, Kara-hafu, and Iriomoya. Adding to […]

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3. Castles
Wakayama Castle, A Great Lord, Yorinobu, laid the foundation of the Kishu's prosperity

In 1619, three years after Tokugawa Ieyasu's passing, his 10th son, Tokugawa Yorinobu (1602-1671, 徳川頼宣), received 555,000 koku, equivalent to the rice crop of yield (*) and established the Kishu domain (present-day Wakayama and southern Mie Prefectures). Wakayama Castle, the Kishu Tokugawa Family's residence, was extended and constructed at the mouth of the Kino River, […]

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3. Castles
Odawara Castle: Hojo Clan's Independence from Shogunate and People-Centered Policy

A remarkable Hojo clan, a pioneering and the final force of Sengoku Daimyo, a territorial lord in the Warring States Period, who reigned supreme in the Kanto region for a century-spanning five generations. Their unwavering ambition was to be independent of the vested interest of the Muromachi Shogunate (1336-1573) and to safeguard the livelihoods and […]

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